Presented below with the generous permission of Elizabeth McFadzean are
two articles regarding the business of Alexander Jack and Sons - a significance
part of Maybole's industrial and local history.
The
following article is the copyright © of the author and the Alloway
& Southern Ayrshire Family History Society. It is displayed on this site
with their kind permission and may not be distributed in any manner without
their approval. The article below appeared in issue no. 4, Autumn 1999, of the
Journal of the Alloway & Southern Ayrshire Family History Society.
Alexander Jack and
Son
As
you enter Maybole on the A77 from Ayr you notice the large stone building on the
right next to the Old Parish Church, on Cassillis Road. It is now the head
office of The International Packaging Corporation (UK) Ltd, manufacturers of
Presentation Cases, but for over 100 years it was the Works of Alexander Jack
and Sons, makers of agricultural implements.
Mr
Jack, having begun business at Auchendrane in 1840, purchased the ground in
Maybole in 1852 and built the Works to his own design. An early advert for
Maybole Sawmills and Agricultural Implement Works has an engraving of the
buildings showing a coach-and-four passing. Another shows a penny-farthing
bicycle and various types of carts on The New Yards, old name for Cassillis
Road. A display of implements is laid out in the stable yard.
An
article in The Glasgow Weekly News of 1901 gives a very full description of all
the departments of the works... .the Office, the engineering shop, 60 yards
long, the blacksmiths’ shop, erecting shop where mowers, reapers, manure
distributers, potato diggers, horse rakes, turnip sowers, and other implements
were assembled, painting shop, foundry where castings in iron and brass were
made, joiners’ shop, sawmill and woodyards.
This
1901 article, with more detail than there is space for here, revived childhood
memories for me. In the 1940’s my brother and I often walked round the works
with our father who was works manager. The layout and the work done had not
changed much in over forty years. The engineering shop had overhead shafts with
belts down to each lathe and drill. The shaft was driven by a large steam engine
powered by a furnace fuelled by waste wood from. the sawmill. My father raised
early sweet rhubarb in boxes placed in the dark under the huge steam boiler. A
tunnel ran under the sawmill and the saws ejected their sawdust into the tunnel
which ran to the furnace pit. The firemen shovelled the dust into the furnace
and threw in the tree bark and off-cuts brought from the sawmill on bogeys that
ran on a rail track system laid through the works. |
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Bags
of sawdust were supplied to local butchers and grocers who scattered it on the
shop floors. There was also a wood seasoning tunnel for the cut boards for
future carts.
The
firm was in business in Maybole from around 1852 till 1966. National Archive no
00344 lists records held in 1966 and most of these are in The Scottish Life
Archive at the Royal Museum of Scotland, Chamber St., Edinburgh. Among the
records is a large collection of photographs of carts and implements taken on
the street outside the stable yard. These range from wheelbarrows and farm carts
to milk delivery carts. I know from adverts that they also made railway waggons
at one time. The Coin and Medal section of the museum holds Jack and Sons
collection of gold and silver medals won at Shows all over the U.K. The Scottish
Life Archive also has the pattern bevel wheel for the first reaper made in
Ayrshire. It used to hang in the Board Room at Jack’s and was given to my
father when the firm closed...he had retired in 1964 before that, having earned
his gold watch for sixty year’s service 1900-1961. The names on the wheel are
Charles McFadzean, Millwright, Crosshill and Hugh McFadzean and David Dick,
pattern makers. It is dated 1853.
Hugh
was my grandfather and Charles was his brother. By 1861 Hugh was in Maybole and
became works manager for Mr Jack. He died in 1912. His sons Hugh B. and Charles
T. became managing director and works manager respectively. My brother H.
Hastings McFadzean also worked in Jacks for a short time before emigrating.
The
Firm had an excellent reputation in Scotland and beyond. The Freight Books list
exports e.g. on The Marion in 1861 from Liverpool to Melbourne, hammershalts for
stonebreakers, pick shafts and guano bruisers. In 1899 they shipped implements
to South Africa.
There
is much more of the history of the firm for me to find. The Rev. Roderick Lawson
often mentions it in his writings on Maybole and has articles on Mr Jack and his
son-in-law John Marshall who carried on the business after Mr Jack’s death in
1877. Mr Jack’s tombstone is in Maybole Old
Cemetery.
Elizabeth McFadzean
I
have been trying to find the Apprentice Registers of the firm without success.
They were listed in archive number 00344 at the Scottish Record Office ( Now the
National Archive ) in 1966 when the firm ceased trading. The other items listed
are in the Scottish Life section of the National Museums of Scotland in
Edinburgh. No one can find the registers which were for 1886---1914 and 1914
---1931. If you can suggest a means of locating them please contact me by
clicking on my email address below.
Elizabeth McFadzean
The
following article is the copyright © of the author and the AYRSHIRE
ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. It is displayed on this site
with their kind permission and may not be distributed in any manner without
their approval. The article below appeared in No. 16 Spring, 1999 issue of Ayrshire Notes
ALEXANDER JACK AND SONS, MAYBOLE
In 1901, the Glasgow Weekly Herald, as part of an
ongoing series entitled 'Captains of Industry' turned its attention on the
Maybole agricultural implement works of Alexander Jack & Sons. The article,
in the Weekly Herald of 27th July 1901, begins with some philosophical ruminations on the culture of the soil and the history of farm implements and
machinery. It then goes on to say:
"There are several firms in Scotland devoted to the
making of agricultural implements and machinery. Messrs Alexander Jack &
Sons of Maybole may be taken as representative of that branch of the industry.
"The founder of the firm of Alexander Jack & Sons
was a cartwright, who carried on his trade at Auchendrane, on the banks of the
Doon near Maybole. He began business about 1835 and gradually developed a trade
in the making of implements for farms round about. Mr Jack appears to have been
a man of special energy and original genius, for he soon gained a reputation
more than local. In 1852 he purchased ground in Cassillis Road on the outskirts
of Maybole and built works planned by himself for his growing industry. Those
works, both in external appearance and internal arrangement tell something of Mr
Jack's spirit and genius. Situated beside Maybole Parish Church, the works bear
a strong outward resemblance to an old-fashioned kirk. Square and plain, the
doorways and windows are ornamented, the windows lead-framed and rimmed with
coloured glass, the building presents an appearance singularly unlike the
ordinary engineering work. The motto 'laborare est orare' might fitly be
inscribed on its portal and whether consciously or unconsciously that idea seems
to have inspired the architect and builder. Mr Jack put his whole mind into his
work and he had his reward.
"In 1876, Mr John Marshall, the present head of the
firm, was taken into partnership, and at the death of Mr Jack took over the
whole control of the business. Mr Marshall, though not a trained engineer, has
done much to maintain and enhance the firm's reputation. In fact, it must be
said, that during his rule the firm has attained its highest prosperity. Locally
respected: he has been Provost of Maybole, and the esteem in which he is
generally held by his fellow engineers is shown by his election to President of
the Scottish Agricultural Engineers.
"To the city visitor who expects a free-and-easy
condition of things in the country factory the office arrangements must be
surprising. There is the enquiry counter, and behind it the counting house, just
as though it were in the heart of Glasgow. Businesslike and spacious, the
offices are on the second floor of the front building. The land slopes upwards
to the back, and on a level with the counting house the large engineering shop
extends back for about sixty yards on an earthen floor. Here all kinds of
iron-turning machines are at work. Lathes varying from three feet bed up to
sixteen feet; drills vertical and horizontal, planers, slotters, screw and
tapping machines are cutting and shaping the metal parts of agricultural
implements.
"Further back, at the very end of the shop, the
blacksmiths have their fires and anvils, for the wheel rims have yet to be
forged by the blacksmith's art and brawny force; the plough-irons are sharpened
and tempered anew in the fire and on the ringing anvil. Thus the old craft and
the new machines work hand-in-hand. To the right is the erecting and painting
shop. Here mowers and reapers, manure distributors, potato diggers, horse rakes,
turnip sowers and various other agricultural implements are put together. A few
yards beyond, apart from the rest of the works, is the foundry. The castings
done in the foundry are not large, but the patterns are varied and the castings
numerous. From the high cupola at the end of the buildings the molten metal is
run in ladles to rows of dark matrix boxes, and poured into one after the other.
Brass fittings are also cast in the foundry, and brass finishing machines change
the rough castings into bright and burnished pieces of metal.
"The engineering department is only one division of
these works. Messrs Jack & Sons are cartwrights and sawmillers as well. In
the yards flanking both sides of the works huge stacks and stores of timber are
gathered. Thirty-five thousand felloes and a corresponding number of spokes are
kept constantly in stock, while many tons of timber half-prepared and in rough
logs lie awaiting the saws. At the side of the woodyard the log saws are
constantly at work, and in the adjoining machine-shops the newest wood-turning
lathes are fashioning spokes and naves and felloes with marvellous rapidity. The
machinery here differs little from that of a cabinet factory. Circular saws,
band saws, lathes, tenoning, mitreing, planing and cutting machines shape the
hard and heavy pieces of timber for cart and carriage body or wheels. One of the
most interesting appliances in the place is a new machine devised for putting on
wheel tyres. The old method was to put the tyre on hot, and thus the felloe was
charred and partially injured. By this new machine the tyres are put on cold.
Shaped like a circular cistern, the heavy blocks ranged round its inner edge,
the machine received the wooden frame of the wheel. A cold iron tyre or rim is
laid round it, and the wheel is firmly fixed at the centre. The workman slowly
turns a crank and what appeared to be solid blocks of iron move simultaneously
forward. Look below and see slender tubes running into the metal blocks. Within
these tubes hydraulic power is at work, irresistibly drawing forward the blocks
which now have pressed all round the iron tyre, squeezing it firmer and firmer
onto the wooden wheels. The pressure is relaxed, and a completed wheel is lifted
up. To make sure the tyre is lightly trimmed and subjected again to pressure.
Users of wheeled vehicles will not require to be told what a great boon that
machine confers on them.
"In the cart and carriage building department numerous
vehicles are being made up. Common carts, hay carts, lorries, vans, dog-carts
and other vehicles are in various stages of completion. One specialty of the
firm should have to be noted. It is called a HAY-RICK LIFTER, and transfers
bodily the hay-rick from the field at a single effort. Constructed like a
bevelled lorry, the bottom of the lifter rests on the ground, the ropes are put
round the rick, a handle at each side pulls the ropes tighter and tighter,
dragging the rick on to the floor of the lifter, which is backed slowly under
it. Contrasted with the old hay fork, this lifter is a great advance. In these
works genuine labour is done, and an interesting industry is carried on. So much
may be said safely.
"Messrs Alexander Jack and Sons have many medals and
trophies and on all sides appear to have attained high position in their special
line of business. Agriculturalists have instituted shows for horses and cattle,
and awarded medals and prizes for excellence; they have carried the principle
into the implement yard. The practice is an admirable one; for the rough test of
the market is not always fair".
Elizabeth McFadzean
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